視覺檢測系統的概念和構成
發布時間：
2023-02-10 11:28
視覺檢測系統究竟是什么？我們對于視覺檢測系統的應用大多時候只是停留在產品的外觀缺陷檢測方面，其實，視覺檢測系統技術還包括使用工業相機去完成產品的識別、測量、定位等功能。
What is visual inspection system? Most of our applications of visual inspection system only stay in the aspect of product appearance defect detection. In fact, the visual inspection system technology also includes the use of industrial cameras to complete product identification, measurement, positioning and other functions.
一個典型的基于PC的工業機器視覺檢測系統包括：光源、鏡頭、相機(包括CCD相機和COMS相機〉、采集卡、視覺處理系統五個部分組成。各個部分之間相互配合，最終完成其檢測要求。
A typical PC based industrial machine vision inspection system consists of five parts: light source, lens, camera (including CCD camera and COMS camera), acquisition card and visual processing system. Each part cooperates with each other to complete the testing requirements.
光源是影響機器視覺檢測系統輸入的重要因素，光源直接影響圖像質量和效果。針對每個特定的應用實例，要選擇相應的光源及打光方式，以達到最佳的效果。打光方式可以分為明場照明和暗場照明。
Light source is an important factor that affects the input of machine vision inspection system. Light source directly affects image quality and effect. For each specific application example, the corresponding light source and lighting mode should be selected to achieve the best effect. Lighting methods can be divided into light field lighting and dark field lighting.
鏡頭的功能是將工件成像至攝像機的感光芯片上，鏡頭主要分為CCT鏡頭和遠心鏡頭。
The function of the lens is to image the workpiece onto the photosensitive chip of the camera. The lens is mainly divided into CCT lens and telecentric lens.
攝像機是將光信號轉換成電信號。早期的攝像機沒有將模擬電信號轉換成數字電信號的功能，所以稱為模擬相機。模擬相機一般需要和圖像采集卡配合使用，圖像采集卡將模擬相機的電信號傳換成數字信號，并傳輸至電腦。
The camera converts optical signals into electrical signals. The early cameras did not have the function of converting analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals, so they were called analog cameras. Generally, the analog camera needs to be used together with the image acquisition card, which transfers the electrical signal of the analog camera into a digital signal and transmits it to the computer.
而近年來，機器視覺檢測系統的數字攝像機具有模擬轉換功能，并遵從一定的通信協議，所以能夠直接將采集到的圖像信號傳輸至攝像機。這類攝像機稱為數字相機，目前已成為機器視覺系統的主流攝像機了。
In recent years, the digital camera of machine vision inspection system has the function of analog conversion and follows certain communication protocol, so it can directly transmit the collected image signal to the camera. This kind of camera is called digital camera, which has become the mainstream camera of machine vision system.
視覺處理系統包含了硬件和軟件兩方面。根據硬件的不同，又分為智能相機和基于PC的視覺系統。軟件的核心技術為圖像處理算法，它包括圖像的增強、圖像分割、特征抽取、圖像識別與理解等方面。
Visual processing system includes hardware and software. According to the different hardware, it is divided into intelligent camera and PC based vision system. The core technology of the software is image processing algorithm, which includes image enhancement, image segmentation, feature extraction, image recognition and understanding.
機器視覺檢測系統通過圖像處理與分析，從而進行產品質量的判斷、尺寸測量等功能，并將結果信號傳輸到相應的硬件進行顯示或執行。
Through image processing and analysis, the machine vision inspection system can judge the product quality and size measurement, and transmit the result signal to the corresponding hardware for display or execution.
視覺檢測系統