詳解自動化裝配生產線的每一個工作流程
發布時間：
2023-02-10 11:28
自動化裝配生產線是自動化流水線生產流程中主要的環節，生產線在結構上主要包括：輸送系統；各種分料、擋停及換向機構；各種自動上下料裝置；各種自動化裝配專機；傳感器與控制系統。
The automatic assembly line is the main link in the production process of the automatic assembly line. The structure of the production line mainly includes: conveying system; various separation, stop and reversing mechanisms; various automatic loading and unloading devices; various automatic assembly machines; sensors and control system.
一、自動化裝配生產線輸送系統
Conveying system of automatic assembly line
輸送系統通常采用各種輸送線，其作用一方面為自動輸送工件，另一方面為將各種自動化裝配專機連接成一個協調運行的系統。輸送系統通常都采用連續運行的方式。最典型的輸送線如：皮帶輸送線；平頂鏈輸送線等。
The conveying system usually adopts various conveying lines. On the one hand, its function is to automatically transport workpieces, on the other hand, it connects various automatic assembly machines into a coordinated operation system. The conveying system is usually operated continuously. The most typical conveyor lines, such as: belt conveyor line; flat top chain conveyor line, etc.
通常將輸送線設計為直行形式，各種自動化裝配專機直接放置在輸送線的上方。自動化專機及輸送線都是在各種鋁型材的基礎上設計制造出來的，經過調試后，通過專用的連接件將自動化專機與輸送線連接固定，使它們成為一個整體。
Usually, the conveyor line is designed as a straight line, and various automatic assembly machines are directly placed above the conveyor line. The special automatic machine and conveying line are designed and manufactured on the basis of various aluminum profiles. After debugging, the special automatic machine is connected with the conveying line through special connectors to make them become a whole.
二、自動化裝配生產線各種分料、擋停及換向機構
Automatic assembly line of various material distribution, stop and reversing mechanism
由于工件是按專機排列次序經過逐臺專機的裝配直至最后完成全部裝配工序的，通常在輸送線上每一臺專機的前方都先設計有分料機構，將連續排列的工件分隔開，然后再設置各種擋停機構，組成各專機所需要的工件暫存位置。工件到達該擋停暫存位置后，經過傳感器確認后專機上的機械手從該位置抓取工件放入定位夾具，然后進行裝配工藝操作。最后由換機上的機械手從該位置抓取工件又送回輸送線繼續向下一臺專機輸送。
Since the workpieces are assembled one by one according to the order of the special machines until all the assembly procedures are completed, usually in front of each special machine on the conveying line, a material distribution mechanism is designed in front of each special machine to separate the continuously arranged workpieces, and then set various stop mechanisms to form the temporary storage position of the workpieces required by each special machine. After the workpiece reaches the temporary stop position, the manipulator on the special machine grabs the workpiece from this position and puts it into the positioning fixture after being confirmed by the sensor, and then carries out the assembly process operation. Finally, the manipulator on the machine grabs the workpiece from this position and then sends it back to the conveying line to continue conveying to the next special machine.
在需要改變工件的姿態時，就需要設置合適的換向機構，改變工件的姿態方向后再進行工序操作。
When it is necessary to change the attitude of the workpiece, it is necessary to set up a suitable reversing mechanism, and then carry out the process operation after changing the attitude direction of the workpiece.
三、自動化裝配生產線各種自動上下料裝置
Various automatic loading and unloading devices for automatic assembly line
由于主要的裝配工序都是由各種自動化裝配專機完成的，各種自動化裝配專機自然也相應需要各自的自動上下料裝置，應用最多的就是振盤及機械手。振盤用于自動輸送小型零件，如螺釘、螺母、鉚釘、小型沖壓件、小型注塑件、小型壓鑄件等，而機械手抓取的對象更廣，既可以抓取很微小的零件，也可以抓取具有一定尺寸和重量的零件。
As the main assembly process is completed by various automatic assembly machines, all kinds of automatic assembly machines naturally need their own automatic loading and unloading devices, and the most widely used are vibration plate and manipulator. The vibrating plate is used to automatically transport small parts, such as screws, nuts, rivets, small stamping parts, small injection molding parts, small die castings, etc., while the manipulator can grasp a wider range of objects, not only can grasp very small parts, but also can grasp parts with certain size and weight.
為了簡化結構，在自動化專機的設計中，通常將自動上下料機械手直接設計成專機的一部分，而且通常的上下料操作只需要兩個方向的運動即可實現。所以這種機械手采用配套的直線導軌機構與氣缸組成上下、水平兩個方向的直線運動系統，在上下運動手臂的末端假設吸盤或氣動手指即可。
In order to simplify the structure, the automatic loading and unloading manipulator is usually directly designed as a part of the special machine in the design of automatic special machine, and the normal loading and unloading operation only needs two directions of movement. Therefore, this manipulator uses the matching linear guide mechanism and cylinder to form a linear motion system in two directions, up and down, horizontal. The end of the upper and lower motion arm is assumed to be suction cup or pneumatic finger.
四、自動化裝配生產線各種自動化裝配專機
Automatic assembly line various automatic assembly machines
各種自動化裝配專機包括自動上下料裝置、定位夾具、裝配執行結構、傳感器與控制系統等，其中定位夾具根據具體工件的形狀尺寸來設計，裝配執行機構則隨需要完成的工序專門設計，而且大量采用直線導軌機構、直線軸承、滾珠絲杠機構等部件。通常在這類自動化裝配專機上完成的工序有：
Various automatic assembly machines include automatic loading and unloading device, positioning fixture, assembly execution structure, sensor and control system. The positioning fixture is designed according to the shape and size of the specific workpiece, and the assembly actuator is specially designed according to the process to be completed, and a large number of components such as linear guide mechanism, linear bearing and ball screw mechanism are used. Usually, the processes completed on this kind of automatic assembly machine are as follows:
自動粘結、零件的插入、半導體表面貼裝、各種螺釘螺母連接、鉚接、調整、檢測、標示、包裝等。除裝配工序外，在這種自動化裝配生產線上也可以采用部分簡單的機械加工工序。
Automatic bonding, parts insertion, semiconductor surface mounting, various screws and nuts connection, riveting, adjustment, detection, marking, packaging, etc. In addition to the assembly process, some simple machining processes can also be used in this automatic assembly line.
五、自動化裝配生產線傳感器與控制系統
Sensor assembly line control system and automation
每臺專機完成各自的裝配操作循環，必須具有相應的傳感器與控制系統，除此之外，為了使各臺專機的裝配循環組成一個協調的系統，在輸送線上還必須設置各種對工件位置進行檢測確認的傳感器。例如工件確實存在而且控制系統需要放行工件時分料機構才開始動作、工件暫存位置確實有工件而且控制系統需要機械手抓取工件進行上料時機械手才開始取料，等等。
Each special machine must have corresponding sensors and control system to complete its own assembly operation cycle. In addition, in order to make the assembly cycle of each special machine form a coordinated system, various sensors must be set on the conveyor line to detect and confirm the position of the workpiece. For example, when the workpiece does exist and the control system needs to release the workpiece, the material mechanism starts to move, the temporary position of the workpiece does have a workpiece, and the control system needs the manipulator to grab the workpiece for loading, and the manipulator starts to take the material, etc.
通常采用順序控制系統協調控制各專機的工序操作，前一臺專機的工序完成后才進行下一專機的工序操作，當前一臺專機尚未完成工藝操作時相鄰的下一臺專機就必須處于等待狀態，直到工件經過最后一臺專機后完成生產線上全部的工藝操作，這與手工裝配流水線的過程非常相似。
Usually, when the next special machine has finished the operation of the next special machine, it has to wait for the completion of the next process The process is very similar.
為了最大限度地節省使用場地，有時自動化裝配生產線還可以采用一種環形形式。由于平頂鏈輸送線能夠自由轉彎，所以非常適合作為這種環形生產線的輸送系統。
In order to maximize the use of space, sometimes the automatic assembly line can also use a ring form. Because the flat top chain conveyor line can turn freely, it is very suitable as the conveying system of this kind of circular production line.
自動化裝配,自動化流水線